Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Targeting intracellular mycobacteria using novel antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.14.725169

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) shows the reaction of conjugation of Alexa-Fluor 647 to mannose macro-RAFT agent via EDC and NHS coupling. ( B ) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of the nanoparticles conjugated with the Alexa dye. a) DPAEMA core, b) BMA core; size obtained from DLS is 190 nm and 175 nm respectively, with corresponding PDIs of 0.07 and 0.06. ( C ) To determine the uptake of nanoparticles, THP-1 cells were incubated with 100 μg/ml of nanoparticles. At indicated timepoints, cells were stained with DAPI and imaged. Red- Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated nanoparticle, Blue- DAPI stained nuclei, Scale bar-200 μm

Article Snippet: N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 98%), 1-ethyl3-(3’ dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl), sodium methoxide (NaOMe, 5.4 M, 30 wt%), Alexa Fluor 647 cadaverine, metal salts, acids, and bases were all purchased from Fisher Scientific.

Techniques: Conjugation Assay, Incubation, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Targeting intracellular mycobacteria using novel antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.14.725169

Figure Lengend Snippet: After 24 h, mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were infected with BCG or Mtb for 3 hours at the MOI of 10, extracellular bacteria were removed by washing. Infected cells were exposed to free RIF or encapsulated nanoparticles (RIF-DNP or RIF BNP). On day 1 and 3 cells were lysed, and lysates were plated for CFU enumeration ( A ) colony counts for BCG. (B ) BCG-infected macrophages were fixed, stained with phalloidin and intracellular bacteria were visualized by confocal microscopy green - BCG(GFP-tagged), red - actin (phalloidin-Alexa fluor-647), blue - nuclei (DAPI). Scale bar - 10 μm. ( C) colony counts from in Mtb -infected BMDMs treated with free or encapsulated RIF. N = 3, mean +/- SD, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 by an one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS, 98%), 1-ethyl3-(3’ dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl), sodium methoxide (NaOMe, 5.4 M, 30 wt%), Alexa Fluor 647 cadaverine, metal salts, acids, and bases were all purchased from Fisher Scientific.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Infection, Bacteria, Staining, Confocal Microscopy